WASTE TREATMENTAgro-industry or agricultural product processing industry is one industry that produce wastewater that can pollute the environment. For major industries, such as palm oil processing industries, wastewater treatment technologies used may be adequate, but not so for small and medium industries. However, given the high potential for water pollution caused by waste is not managed properly it requires understanding and information regarding proper waste water management.



Waste management is an integrated activity which includes the reduction (minimization), segregation (segregation), handling (handling), utilization and processing of waste. Thus, to achieve optimal results, the activities surrounding the waste management needs to be done and not just relying on waste treatment activities only. If waste management is only focused on the processing of the waste load of activities in Waste Water Treatment Plant will be very heavy, requiring a broader area, more equipment, technology, and high cost. Preliminary activities on waste management (reduction, waste segregation and handling) will help reduce the load on the sewage treatment WWTP.

Trends in the waste management industry is run by integrated activity reduction, waste segregation and handling that reduce costs and generate less waste output and minimal levels of pencemarnya. The integration of waste management is then made into a variety of concepts such as cleaner production (cleaner production), or the minimization of waste (waste minimization).
In principle, the concept of cleaner production and waste minimization efforts resulting amount less waste and a minimum level of contamination. However, there are some different emphases of the two concepts, namely: clean production start implementation of the optimization of the production process, while minimizing waste reduction efforts begun the implementation and utilization of waste generated.

CP emphasizes the manner in which production is minimal pollutants, waste, lack of water and energy. Pollutant or hazardous materials is minimized with a good selection of raw materials, high purity levels, or clean. Besides attempted use of water-efficient appliances and energy efficient. With a combination like that then waste generated will be less and cemarannya levels were also lower. Furthermore, the waste is treated to meet the quality standards specified waste.

Cleaner production strategies that have been implemented in many countries showed more effective results in addressing the environmental impact and also provide several advantages, including
a). The use of natural resources to be more effective and efficient;
b). Reduce or prevent the formation of pollutants;
c). Prevent the migration of pollution from one medium to another medium;
d). Reduce the risks to human health and the environment;
e). Reduce the cost of compliance with the law;
f). Avoid the cost of environmental cleanup (clean up);
g). The resulting product can compete in international markets;
h). Setting approach that is flexible and voluntary.

Waste minimization is an implementation to reduce the number and level of contamination of the waste generated from the production process by way of reduction, utilization and processing of waste.
Waste reduction through increased efficiency or optimization of processing tools, optimization of processing facilities and infrastructure such as piping systems, negating leaks, spills, and waste materials and waste.

Utilization aimed at material or water that has been used in the process to be reused in the same process or other processes. Utilization should be done with careful consideration and careful so as not to cause disruption to the production process or cause pollution to the environment.
After reduction and utilization of waste, the waste generated will be very minimal for further processed in sewage treatment plants.

In pre-production activities to do good raw material selection, quality and a high level of material kemunian. When production is carried out, the function of the tool is important to produce water and energy consumption to a minimum, but it sought to prevent any spilled material and out of the production system.
Of each stage of the process generated waste possible. To facilitate the utilization and processing of the waste that has different characteristics and will lead to increase the level of contamination should be separated. While the waste that have similar characteristics can be combined in a single waste stream. Utilization of waste can be made on the same production process or used for other production processes.
Waste that can not be exploited further processed at a waste treatment facility to reduce the cemarannya so in compliance with the set quality standards. Wastes that meet the quality standards can be discharged into the environment. Where possible, the output (output) from the sewage treatment plant can also be used directly or through further processing.

Waste treatment is a last resort in the waste management system after previously performed optimization of production processes and the reduction and waste utilization. Waste treatment is intended to reduce the level of contaminants contained in the waste so it is safe to be discharged into the environment.
Waste produced from each activity will have different characteristics. This is because the raw materials, process technology and equipment used is also different. But it would still exist similarities between the characteristics of the waste generated from the process for producing the same product.
The main characteristics of the waste based on the amount or volume of waste and pencemarnya ingredients consisting of elements of physical, biological, chemical and radioactive. These characteristics will be the basis for determining the processes and tools that are used to treat wastewater.

Wastewater treatment is usually applied 3 stages ie preliminary treatment process (pre-treatment), primary processing (primary treatment), and the final processing (post-treatment). Preliminary treatment is intended to condition alitan, load waste and other characters to fit into the main processing. The main treatment process is selected to reduce the major pollutants in wastewater. Then on the final processing performed advanced processes for treating waste to fit the standards set.

There are 3 (three) types of processes that can be done to treat wastewater are: the physical, biological and chemical. The physical process is done by providing physical treatment such as filtering waste water, precipitate, or adjust the temperature by using a screening process, grit chamber, settling tank / settling pond, etc..
Deilakukan biological processes by providing treatment or biological processes such as the decomposition of the waste water biological substance or merging with activated sludge (activated sludge), attached growth filtration, aerobic process and an-aerobic process. The chemical process is done by affixing chemicals or chemical solutions in wastewater that is generated particular reaction.
For a certain type of wastewater, the three types of processes and processing tools can be applied individually or in combination.
Choices about processing technology and equipment used should be considered technical, economic and management.