incorporate digital photography into a multimedia presentation
Overview of Photography
The word photography comes from the word photo means light and graph a meaningful picture. So photography can mean drawing / painting with light.
Types of cameras
Film cameras, now also known as analog cameras by a few people.Format movies
Before we go into the types of film cameras, it helps us to know in advance a wide range of format / size film.

   1. APS, Advanced Photography System. Small Format with 16x24mm film size, packaged in a cartridge. Although this format is relatively new, but popular. Stores that sell this type of movie is hard to find in Indonesia.
   2. Format 135. Also known as 35mm film. 24x36mm in size, packaged in a cartridge containing 20 or 36 frames. This format is the most popular format, we encounter many around us.
   3. Medium format
   4. Large format
Type of Film

   1. Film B / W, black and white negative film.
   2. Color negative film. The most popular, we often use.
   3. Positive film, also called slide. More expensive and prone to overexposure. Yet the resulting colors better because it can capture a wider contrast range.
Types of cameras

   1. Pocket / compact. Pocket camera. Popular for the layman, simple and easy to operate. Using the 35mm film format.
   2. Rangefinder. Search camera distance. Small, at first glance similar to a pocket camera. The difference is, this camera has a mechanism fokusing (hence called a rangefinder). Commonly used 35mm film format.
   3. SLR, Single Lens Reflex. Single lens reflex camera. Popular among professionals, amateurs and hobbyists. Generally have lenses that can be replaced. Using the 35mm film format. Also called system cameras.
   4. TLR, Twin Lens Reflex. Double-lens reflex camera. Typically use medium format.
   5. Viewfinder. Typically use medium format.
Manual cameras and automatic cameras. SLR cameras are already equipped for autofocus and autoexposure systems but can still be operated manually.
Digital cameras. Using a digital sensor instead of film.

   1. Consumer. Pocket camera, cheap, easy to use. The lens can not be replaced. Most just have a full-automatic mode. Just point and shoot. Some, such as the Canon A series, has a manual mode.
   2. Prosumer. SLR-like cameras, medium price. The lens can not be replaced. Shooting manual and auto mode.
   3. DSLR. Digital SLR.
Lens, the eye of the camera, generally determines the quality of the resulting image lens has two important properties, namely the focal length and maximum aperture.
Field of View (FOV) of each lens has a wide field of view depending on the focal length and wide film / sensor used.
Field of View Crop, often mistakenly referred to the focal length multiplier. Almost all digital cameras have a smaller sensor size than 35mm film, so the digital camera field of view is smaller than on a 35mm camera. For example a 50 mm lens on a Nikon D70 has the same FOV with 75mm lens on a 35mm film camera (1.5x FOV crop factor)Types of Lenses
a. by prime-vario
1. Fixed focal / Prime, has a fixed focal length, eg 35mm f/3.5 Fujinon has a focal length of 35 mm. Prime lens less flexible, but the quality is higher than the zoom lens at the same price.
2. Zoom / Vario, has a focal length that can be changed, such as the Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 focal length can be changed from 18 mm to 55 mm. Flexible because the focal length can be set.
b. based on focal length
1. Wide, wide FOV lens, focal length 35 mm or less. Typically used for photographing landscapes and buildings.
2. Normal, focal length of about 50 mm. Lenses versatile, fast and cheap.
3. Tele, narrow FOV lens, focal length of 70mm or more. To take pictures from a distance.
c. based on the maximum aperture.
1. Fast, has a wide maximum aperture.
2. Slow, has a narrow maximum aperture.
d. special lens
1. Macro lens, used to shoot from close range
2. Tilt and Shift lens, can be bent.
Terms lens wide / tele (based on focal length) above applies to a 35mm film camera. Nikkor 50 mm lens becomes a normal lens on a 35mm film camera, but a telephoto lens when used on a Nikon D70 digital camera. On the Nikon D70 Nikkor 50 mm field of view equivalent to 75 mm FOV lens on a 35mm film camera.
Other auxiliary equipment
Tripod, required for shooting at a slow pace. At slower speeds, avoiding camera shake when held by hand (handheld). In general, the minimum speed is 1/focal handhel.
Bring a tripod when hunting can be a hassle. For the purposes of hunting usually carried tripod is lightweight and small tripod.
Monopod, like a tripod, one leg. It's easier to carry. Just to eliminate vertical shake it.
Flash / flash / flash, for menerangai objects in dark conditions.
Filter, to filter incoming light. There are many kinds.
§ UV, filter out UV light to prevent hazy on foto2 landscape, often used to protect the lens from dust.
§ PL / CPL (Polarizer / Circular Polarizar) to reduce shadows on non-metallic surfaces. Could be to increase the contrast of the sky.
Exposure, the amount of light that enters the camera, depending on the aperture and speed.
§ Aperture / diaphragm. The bigger the aperture the more light entering. Aperture is expressed by numerical values ​​as follows: f / 1.4 f / 2 f / 3.5 f/5.6 f / 8. the greater the number (f number), the smaller the aperture aperture.
§ Shutter speed / aperture. The sooner, the less light to enter.
§ ISO, stated sensitivity of the sensor / film. ISOnya The higher the number the less light is needed. ISO 100 film requires 2 times the amount of light the film ISO 200.
Example: f/5.6 aperture combinations excl. 1/500 at ISO 100 equivalent aperture f / 8 excl 1/500 or f/5.6 excl. 1/1000 at ISO 200.
Exposure meter, light meter. Almost every modern camera has an internal light meter. There are also external light meter.
Exposure metering (often abbreviated as metering only), the method of measuring light

   1. Average metering, measuring the average light around the frame.
   2. Center-weighted average metering, measuring the average light with the center of gravity.
   3. Matrix / evaluative metering, Measuring light in various parts of the frame, and then calculated with the automated methods specified.
   4. Spot metering, measuring the light only on a small section in the center of the frame only.
Exposure compensation, 18% gray. Exposure meter always measure and resulted in the measurement of light so bright the resulting photo revolves around the 18% gray. So if we shoot a piece of white cloth and use the exposure setting as indicated by the meter, the white cloth will be gray in the photograph. To overcome this we have to make exposure compensation. Exposure so we added a white cloth.
Under exposured, images are too dark due to lack of exposure.
Over exposured, images are too bright due to excess exposure
The term stop. Up one stop, meaning that exposure was increased to 2 times. Up 2 stop, it means increased exposure to 4 times. Down 1 stop exposure was reduced to 1/2 times. Down 2 stop exposure was reduced to 1/4 times.
Increase of 1 stop on the aperture as follows: f/22; f/16; f/11 f / 8 f / 5.6 f / 4 f / 2.8, f / 2. Unlike any number f stop was 0.7 times (1/Ö2).
Increase of 1 stop in excl. Rana as follows: 1/2000; 1/1000; 1/500; 1/250; 1/125; 1/60; 1/30; 1/15; 1/8; 1/4; 1/2: 1. Different speed is 2 times each stop.
DOF, depth of field, depth of field. DOF is the sharp area around the focus.
Depth of field is influenced by a large aperture, focal length, and the distance to the object.
1. Aperture, the larger the aperture (smaller f number), the DOF will be more shallow / narrow.
2. Focal length (real), the focal length, DOF more shallow / narrow.
3. The distance to the object, the closer the distance to the object of the DOF more shallow / narrow.
Election DOF
§ If the narrow DOF, FG and BG will blur. Narrow DOF is used if we want to isolate / highlight objects from the surrounding environment such as the portraits or photos of flowers.
§ If the DOF wide, FG and BG look sharper. DOF wide use if we want almost all parts of the picture look sharp, such as a landscape photo or photo journalism.
Shooting mode
Auto mode, point and shoot mode, just aim and shoot.

   1. Full auto, the camera determines all parameters.
   2. Portrait, the camera uses the largest aperture to narrow DOF.
   3. Landscape, the camera uses the smallest aperture.
   4. Nightscene, use a slow speed and flash to capture objects and BG as well.
   5. Shuter fast speed
   6. Slow shutter speed
Creative zone

   1. P, program AE. Similar to auto mode with more control. In this mode we can control the exposure compensation, ISO, metering mode, Auto / manual focus, white balance, flash on / off, and continues shooting.
   2. Tv, shutter speed priority AE. We determine the speed, the camera will calculate the correct aperture.
   3. Av, aperture priority AE. We determine the aperture, the camera adjusts the speed.
   4. M, manual exposure. We are determining the aperture and speed manually.
Composition and Angle.
Composition is the placement of an object in a picture frame
Angle is the angle of shooting, from below, above, or equal.Composition and angle more related to the art of photography. Factors photographer tastes great effect.